A tagset is a list of part-of-speech tags (POS tags for short), i.e. labels used to indicate the part of speech and sometimes also other grammatical categories (case, tense etc.) of each token in a text corpus.

Mapping file for English CLAWS tagset between version 8 and 7 shows conversion between newer and older version of English CLAWS part-of-speech tagset.

English tagsets

used in Sketch Engine

Following chart show conversion part-of-speech tags from CLAWS version 8 to CLAWS version 7.

An Example of a tag in the CQL concordance search box: [tag="AT1"] finds all singular articles as a, an, every  (note: please make sure that you use straight double quotation marks)

Mapping chart

POS Tag mapping Description
APPGE -> APPGE possessive pronoun, pre-nominal (e.g. “my”, “your”, “our”)
AT -> AT article (e.g. “the”, “no”)
AT1 -> AT1 singular article (e.g. “a”, “an”, “every”)
BCL -> BCL before-clause marker (e.g. “in order (that)”, “in order (to)”)
CC -> CC coordinating conjunction (e.g. “and”, “or”)
CCB -> CCB adversative coordinating conjunction (“but”)
CS -> CS subordinating conjunction (e.g. “if”, “because”, “unless”, “so”, “for”)
CSA -> CSA “as” (as conjunction)
CSN -> CSN “than” (as conjunction)
CST -> CST “that” (as conjunction)
CSW -> CSW “whether” (as conjunction)
DA -> DA after-determiner or post-determiner capable of pronominal function (e.g. “such”, “former”, “same”)
DA1 -> DA1 singular after-determiner (e.g. “little”, “much”)
DA2 -> DA2 plural after-determiner (e.g. “few”, “several”, “many”)
DAR -> DAR comparative after-determiner (e.g. “more”, “less”, “fewer”)
DAT -> DAT superlative after-determiner (e.g. “most”, “least”, “fewest”)
DB -> DB before determiner or pre-determiner capable of pronominal function (“all”, “half”)
DB2 -> DB2 plural before-determiner (“both”)
DD -> DD determiner (capable of pronominal function) (e.g “any”, “some”)
DD1 -> DD1 singular determiner (e.g. “this”, “that”, “another”)
DD2 -> DD2 plural determiner (“these”, “those”)
DDL -> DDQ c8_only: wh-determiner, relative (“which”)
DDLGE -> DDQGE c8_only: wh-determiner, relative, genitive (“whose”)
DDQ -> DDQ wh-determiner, interrogative (“which”, “what”)
DDQGE -> DDQGE wh-determiner, interrogative, genitive (“whose”)
DDQV -> DDQV wh-ever determiner, interrogative (“whichever”, “whatever”)
EX -> EX existential “there”
FO -> FO formula
FU -> FU unclassified word
FW -> FW foreign word
GE -> GE germanic genitive marker – (“‘” or “‘s”)
IF -> IF “for” (as preposition)
II -> II general preposition
IO -> IO “of” (as preposition)
IW -> IW “with”, “without” (as prepositions)
JJ -> JJ general adjective
JJR -> JJR general comparative adjective (e.g. “older”, “better”, “stronger”)
JJT -> JJT general superlative adjective (e.g. “oldest”, “best”, “strongest”)
JK -> JK catenative adjective (“able” in “be able to”, “willing” in “be willing to”)
MC -> MC cardinal number, neutral for number (“two”, “three”..)
MC1 -> MC1 singular cardinal number (“one”)
MC2 -> MC2 plural cardinal number (e.g. “sixes”, “sevens”)
MCGE -> MCGE genitive cardinal number, neutral for number (“two’s”, “100’s”)
MCMC -> MCMC hyphenated number (“40-50”, “1770-1827”)
MD -> MD ordinal number (e.g. “first”, “second”, “next”, “last”)
MF -> MF fraction, neutral for number (e.g. “quarters”, “two-thirds”)
ND1 -> ND1 singular noun of direction (e.g. “north”, “southeast”)
NN -> NN common noun, neutral for number (e.g. “sheep”, “cod”, “headquarters”)
NN1 -> NN1 singular common noun (e.g. “book”, “girl”)
NN2 -> NN2 plural common noun (e.g. “books”, “girls”)
NNA -> NNA following noun of title (e.g. “M.A.”)
NNB -> NNB preceding noun of title (e.g. “Mr.”, “Prof.”)
NNL1 -> NNL1 singular locative noun, in naming expression (e.g. “Island”, “Street”)
NNL2 -> NNL2 plural locative noun (e.g.”Islands”, as in “Virgin Islands”)
NNO -> NNO numeral noun, neutral for number (e.g. “dozen”, “hundred”)
NNO2 -> NNO2 numeral noun, plural (e.g. “hundreds”, “thousands”)
NNT1 -> NNT1 temporal noun, singular (e.g. “day”, “week”, “year”)
NNT2 -> NNT2 temporal noun, plural (e.g. “days”, “weeks”, “years”)
NNU -> NNU unit of measurement, neutral for number (e.g. “in”, “cc”)
NNU1 -> NNU1 singular unit of measurement (e.g. “inch”, “centimetre”)
NNU2 -> NNU2 plural unit of measurement (e.g. “ins.”, “feet”)
NP -> NP proper noun, neutral for number (e.g. “IBM”, “Andes”)
NP1 -> NP1 singular proper noun (e.g. “London”, “Jane”, “Frederick”)
NP2 -> NP2 plural proper noun (e.g. “Browns”, “Reagans”, “Koreas”)
NPD1 -> NPD1 singular weekday noun (e.g. “Sunday”)
NPD2 -> NPD2 plural weekday noun (e.g. “Sundays”)
NPM1 -> NPM1 singular month noun (e.g. “October”)
NPM2 -> NPM2 plural month noun (e.g. “Octobers”)
PN -> PN indefinite pronoun, neutral for number (“none“)
PN1 -> PN1 indefinite pronoun, singular (e.g. “anyone”, “everything”, “nobody”, “one”)
PNLO -> PNQO c8_only: objective wh-pronoun, relative (“whom”)
PNLS -> PNQS c8_only: subjective wh-pronoun, relative (“whom”)
PNQO -> PNQO objective wh-pronoun, interrogative (“whom”)
PNQS -> PNQS subjective wh-pronoun, interrogative (“who”)
PNQV -> PNQV wh-ever pronoun (“whoever”)
PNX1 -> PNX1 reflexive indefinite pronoun (“oneself”)
PPGE -> PPGE nominal possessive personal pronoun (e.g. “mine”, “yours”)
PPH1 -> PPH1 3rd person sing. neuter personal pronoun (“it”)
PPHO1 -> PPHO1 3rd person sing. objective personal pronoun (“him”, “her”)
PPHO2 -> PPHO2 3rd person plural objective personal pronoun (“them”)
PPHS1 -> PPHS1 3rd person sing. subjective personal pronoun (“he”, “she”)
PPHS2 -> PPHS2 3rd person plural subjective personal pronoun (“they”)
PPIO1 -> PPIO1 1st person sing. objective personal pronoun (“me”)
PPIO2 -> PPIO2 1st person plural objective personal pronoun (“us”)
PPIS1 -> PPIS1 1st person sing. subjective personal pronoun (“I”)
PPIS2 -> PPIS2 1st person plural subjective personal pronoun (“we”)
PPX1 -> PPX1 singular reflexive personal pronoun (e.g. “yourself”, “itself”)
PPX2 -> PPX2 plural reflexive personal pronoun (e.g. “yourselves”, “themselves”)
PPY -> PPY 2nd person personal pronoun (“you”)
RA -> RA adverb, after nominal head (e.g. “else”, “galore”)
REX -> REX adverb introducing appositional constructions (“namely”, “e.g.”)
RG -> RG degree adverb (“very”, “so”, “too”)
RGQ -> RGQ wh- degree adverb (“how”)
RGQV -> RGQV wh-ever degree adverb (“however”)
RGR -> RGR comparative degree adverb (“more”, “less”)
RGT -> RGT superlative degree adverb (“most”, “least”)
RL -> RL locative adverb (e.g. “alongside”, “forward”)
RP -> RP prep. adverb, particle (e.g “about”, “in”)
RPK -> RPK prep. adv., catenative (“about” in “be about to”)
RR -> RR general adverb
RRQ -> RRQ wh- general adverb (“where”, “when”, “why”, “how”)
RRQV -> RRQV wh-ever general adverb (“wherever”, “whenever”)
RRR -> RRR comparative general adverb (e.g. “better”, “longer”)
RRT -> RRT superlative general adverb (e.g. “best”, “longest”)
RT -> RT quasi-nominal adverb of time (e.g. “now”, “tomorrow”)
TO -> TO infinitive marker (“to”)
UH -> UH interjection (e.g. “oh”, “yes”, “um”)
VAB0 -> VB0 c8_only: base form of verb “BE” (auxiliary), imperative or subjunctive
VABDR -> VBDR c8_only: “were” (auxiliary)
VABDZ -> VBDZ c8_only: “was” (auxiliary)
VABG -> VBG c8_only: “being” (auxiliary)
VABI -> VBI c8_only: “be” infinitive (auxiliary)
VABM -> VBM c8_only: “am” (auxiliary)
VABN -> VBN c8_only: “been” (auxiliary)
VABR -> VBR c8_only: “are” (auxiliary)
VABZ -> VBZ c8_only: “is” (auxiliary)
VAD0 -> VD0 c8_only: base form of verb “DO” (auxiliary), indicative, imperative or subjunctive
VADD -> VDD c8_only: “did” (auxiliary)
VADZ -> VDZ c8_only: “does” (auxiliary)
VAH0 -> VH0 c8_only: base form of “HAVE” (auxiliary), indicative, imperative or subjunctive
VAHD -> VHD c8_only: “had” (past tense)
VAHG -> VHG c8_only: “having”
VAHI -> VHI c8_only: “have” infinitive
VAHZ -> VHZ c8_only: “has”
VM -> VM modal auxiliary (“can”, “will”, “would”, etc.)
VMK -> VMK modal catenative (“ought”, “used”)
VV0 -> VV0 base form of lexical verb (e.g. “give”, “work”)
VVB0 -> VB0 c8_only: base form of “BE” (lexical vb), imperative or subjunctive
VVBDR -> VBDR c8_only: “were” (lexical vb)
VVBDZ -> VBDZ c8_only: “was” (lexical vb)
VVBG -> VBG c8_only: “being” (lexical vb)
VVBI -> VBI c8_only: “be” infinitive (lexical vb)
VVBM -> VBM c8_only: “am” (lexical vb)
VVBN -> VBN c8_only: “been” (lexical vb)
VVBR -> VBR c8_only: “are” (lexical vb)
VVBZ -> VBZ c8_only: “is” (lexical vb)
VVD -> VVD past tense of lexical verb (e.g. “gave”, “worked”)
VVD0 -> VD0 c8_only: base form of verb “do” (finite)
VVDD -> VDD c8_only: “did”
VVDG -> VDG c8_only: “doing”
VVDI -> VDI c8_only: “do” infinitive (“I may do…” “To do…”)
VVDN -> VDN c8_only: “done”
VVDZ -> VDZ c8_only: “does”
VVG -> VVG -ing participle of lexical verb (e.g. “giving”, “working”)
VVGK -> VVGK #NÁZEV?
VVH0 -> VH0 c8_only: base form of verb “HAVE” (finite)
VVHD -> VHD c8_only: “had” (past tense)
VVHG -> VHG c8_only: “having”
VVHI -> VHI c8_only: “have” infinitive
VVHN -> VHN c8_only: “had” (past participle)
VVHZ -> VHZ c8_only: “has”
VVI -> VVI infinitive (e.g. “to give…” “It will work…”)
VVN -> VVN past participle of lexical verb (e.g. “given”, “worked”)
VVNK -> VVNK past participle catenative (e.g. “bound” in “be bound to”)
VVZ -> VVZ -s form of lexical verb (e.g. “gives”, “works”)
WPR -> CST c8_only: relative pronoun, “that”
XX -> XX “not”, “n’t”
YBL -> YBL punctuation tag – left bracket
YBR -> YBR punctuation tag – right bracket
YCOL -> YCOL punctuation tag – colon
YCOM -> YCOM punctuation tag – comma
YDSH -> YDSH punctuation tag – dash
YEX -> YEX punctuation tag – exclamation mark
YLIP -> YLIP punctuation tag – ellipsis
YQUE -> YQUE punctuation tag – question mark
YQUO -> YQUO punctuation tag – quotes
YSCOL -> YSCOL punctuation tag – semicolon
YSTP -> YSTP punctuation tag – full-stop
ZZ1 -> ZZ1 singular letter of the alphabet (e.g. “A”, “b”)
ZZ2 -> ZZ2 plural letter of the alphabet (e.g. “A’s”, “b’s”)